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Alexander, Y; Osto, E; Schmidt-Trucksäss, A; Shechter, M; Trifunovic, D; Duncker, DJ; Aboyans, V; Bäck, M; Badimon, L; Cosentino, F; De, Carlo, M; Dorobantu, M; Harrison, DG; Guzik, TJ; Hoefer, I; Morris, PD; Norata, GD; Suades, R; Taddei, S; Vilahur, G; Waltenberger, J; Weber, C; Wilkinson, F; Bochaton-Piallat, ML; Evans, PC.
Endothelial function in cardiovascular medicine: a consensus paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation, and Thrombosis.
Cardiovasc Res. 2021; 117(1):29-42 Doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa085 [OPEN ACCESS]
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Osto Elena
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Abstract:
Endothelial cells (ECs) are sentinels of cardiovascular health. Their function is reduced by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, and is regained once pathological stimuli are removed. In this European Society for Cardiology Position Paper, we describe endothelial dysfunction as a spectrum of phenotypic states and advocate further studies to determine the role of EC subtypes in cardiovascular disease. We conclude that there is no single ideal method for measurement of endothelial function. Techniques to measure coronary epicardial and micro-vascular function are well established but they are invasive, time-consuming, and expensive. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial arteries provides a non-invasive alternative but is technically challenging and requires extensive training and standardization. We, therefore, propose that a consensus methodology for FMD is universally adopted to minimize technical variation between studies, and that reference FMD values are established for different populations of healthy individuals and patient groups. Newer techniques to measure endothelial function that are relatively easy to perform, such as finger plethysmography and the retinal flicker test, have the potential for increased clinical use provided a consensus is achieved on the measurement protocol used. We recommend further clinical studies to establish reference values for these techniques and to assess their ability to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. We advocate future studies to determine whether integration of endothelial function measurements with patient-specific epigenetic data and other biomarkers can enhance the stratification of patients for differential diagnosis, disease progression, and responses to therapy.
Find related publications in this database (using NLM MeSH Indexing)
Animals - administration & dosage
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis, metabolism, physiopathology, therapy
Consensus - administration & dosage
Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular - standards
Endothelial Cells - metabolism
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism, physiopathology
Heart Disease Risk Factors - administration & dosage
Humans - administration & dosage
Observer Variation - administration & dosage
Phenotype - administration & dosage
Predictive Value of Tests - administration & dosage
Prognosis - administration & dosage
Reproducibility of Results - administration & dosage
Risk Assessment - administration & dosage
Vasodilation - administration & dosage

Find related publications in this database (Keywords)
Endothelial function
Cardiovascular
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