Medizinische Universität Graz Austria/Österreich - Forschungsportal - Medical University of Graz
Gewählte Publikation:
Lind, S.
The Effects of Smoking on Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review
Humanmedizin; [ Diplomarbeit ] Medizinische Universität Graz; 2022. pp. 65
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- Autor*innen der Med Uni Graz:
- Betreuer*innen:
- Cervar-Zivkovic Mila
- Goswami Nandu
- Altmetrics:
- Abstract:
- Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal death, and still, the only causal therapy for it is giving birth. And while smoking is known to have a lot of harmful effects on the human body, to be a main cause of death worldwide, and to be especially harmful in pregnant mothers, studies show that it has a protective effect on preeclampsia. Aims and objectives: The aim of this thesis is to review the current literature given on this topic. The literature found is categorized in four different parts. The first one aims to give an overview of the effects of smoking regarding the risk reduction of preeclampsia. The second part reviews the underlying processes of smoking in preeclampsia to find out which ones are the most relevant and could be important for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease better and for finding possible therapy options. The last two parts investigate possible bias seen in the studies conducted on this topic. Methodology: To review the current literature on this topic a systemic search of literature databases was executed. Databases searched were PubMed and Web of Science, and the found literature was then screened for secondary literature. Further information was gathered via books, e-Books and papers provided by the library of the Medical University of Graz, publications found via PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science, literature and guidelines provided by the World Health Organization, International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy, the Austrian, Swiss and German society of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Results and discussion: Eventually 27 publications were identified. The reviewed literature showed a general trend towards reducing the risk of preeclampsia due to smoking. The underlying mechanisms include alterations of PlGF, VGIF, sFlt-1, AM, B-HC and nAChR receptor subunit expression. Also, CO could prevent effects of PE, prevent HT, proteinuria, increase SA remodeling and increase uterine blood flow in PE/HT mice, and nicotine decreased s-Flt-1 and increased VEGF in hypoxic cell cultures. Study bias seems possible, but the impact must be further investigated.