Medizinische Universität Graz - Research portal
Selected Publication:
Brueck,J.
Disturbed maternal metabolism in early pregnancy and neonatal outcome
Humanmedizin; [Diplomarbeit] Medical University of Graz;2019. pp. 81
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- Authors Med Uni Graz:
- Advisor:
- Desoye Gernot
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- Abstract:
- Background: Early pregnancy is a critical period as it plays an important role in determining early developmental processes and ensuring successful pregnancy outcome. The development is influenced by genetics and the maternal situation, which creates the fetal environment. Therefore and in times of diabetes and obesity it is important to understand the effects of a disturbed maternal metabolism on the neonatal outcome. Methods: Procedure of this work consists in a literature review, which was mainly done by using PubMed. The examined period of early pregnancy was determined as the period up to 15 weeks of pregnancy, including the first trimester. Adverse neonatal outcome was defined as large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia and body composition, i.e. higher percentage of fat mass. Main search keywords were “early pregnancy” “adverse neonatal outcome” “LGA”, “macrosomia”, “body composition”, “diabetes”, obesity” and “metabolic inflammation”. Relevant studies were analysed. Furthermore references cited in relevant studies were reviewed. Results were subsequently summarized. In total 150 references were used. Results: This review demonstrates that in recent years, more and more studies have been conducted on the period of early pregnancy. Various parameters associated with a disturbed maternal metabolism affect the phenotype of the newborn during the first trimester. Not only higher fasting plasma glucose, but dyslipidemia consisting of increased triglyceride and decreased HDL levels, lower adiponectin values, higher PAPP-A concentrations and placental growth in early pregnancy are associated with an increased risk for LGA, macrosomia and adverse body composition. Discussion: The described results show the particular relevance of early pregnancy for adverse neonatal outcome. Further research needs to be done and might improve the treatment of pregnancies at risk. As a desirable goal there might be a detection of women at higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes early in pregnancy. Furthermore interventions such as diet, exercise and/or medication may be applied earlier and have beneficial effects on neonates such as reduced birth weight and altered body composition, i.e. less body fat.