Medizinische Universität Graz - Research portal
Selected Publication:
Tischler, F.
Ketamine - A Systematic Review
Humanmedizin; [ Diplomarbeit ] Graz Medical University; 2016. pp. 52
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- Authors Med Uni Graz:
- Advisor:
- Beubler Eckhard
- Donnerer Josef
- Altmetrics:
- Abstract:
- Ketamine is a versatile and commonly used drug with a variety of different properties. Goal of this review is to provide comprehensive information enabling the understanding of the drugs mechanisms and its optimal clinical appliance. The development of ketamine is described as well as its history of abuse. A systematic literature review was conducted using primarily the PubMed database. The results were chosen if pharmacological as well as clinical relevancy was provided. Further sources include drug product information databases, pharmacological books medical websites and blogs of the FOAM (free open access medical education) community. A short review of the FOAM project is provided. Ketamine’s pharmacological mechanisms are reviewed: ketamine’s effect on the NMDA receptor and its implications. Description of glutamate independent mechanisms like interaction with mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors, cholinergic receptors as well as GABA receptors, serotonin transporters, sodium channels, L-type calcium channels and potassium channels is provided as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of ketamine. The enantiomeric differences are discussed. Further ketamine’s clinical applications are described: routes of administration, indications, contraindications, precautions, interactions, dosing and side effects and their management. Also off-label indications as well as possible future appliances are discussed. Contradicting results and statements are opposed and reviewed in detail.