Medizinische Universität Graz - Research portal
Selected Publication:
Lindheim, L.
The Role of Placental Hormones in the Regulation of Maternal Metabolism During Pregnancy
[ Diplomarbeit ] Medical University of Graz; 2012. pp. 88
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- Authors Med Uni Graz:
- Lindheim Lisa
- Advisor:
- Desoye Gernot
- Hiden Ursula
- Altmetrics:
- Abstract:
- Of the multitude of functions performed by the human placenta during pregnancy, the alteration of maternal metabolic processes by the secretion of various hormones and cytokines is of great relevance and importance. In response to the secreted products of the placenta, the maternal metabolism shifts from a balanced to an anabolic and later to a catabolic state so as to provide the best possible conditions for the growth and development of the fetus. Hyperphagia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and subsequent insulin resistance are among the changes that can be observed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the known and unknown aspects of the placental regulation of maternal metabolism and also addresses the hormonal changes that can be observed in common pathologies of pregnancy. Research was conducted using the international online database PubMed. Preliminary research allowed for the selection of 16 hormones and cytokines, which were then individually researched. This process ultimately yielded 116 sources published between the years 1982 and 2012. A large amount of evidence exists supporting the role of estradiol, progesterone, PGH, hPL, leptin, TNF-¿, and adiponectin in the initiation and amplification of hyperphagia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The peptide hormones hCG, CRH, hCT, PTH-rP, and ghrelin have a minor role in these changes. The relatively recently identified adipokines visfatin, resistin, apelin, and chemerin also have metabolic effects, but have not yet been sufficiently researched to make any statements about their exact role and significance during gestation. Many contradictions exist regarding their physiological concentrations, regulation, and relation to pregnancy-related pathologies. Many adipokines are secreted in abnormal concentrations in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction, but so far only studies with leptin, TNF-¿, and adiponectin have shown consistent results. In conclusion, the adipokines represent an interesting point for future research, as they are often a sign of an impending or current pathological condition of the mother or the fetus. However, the great individual variability of adipokine concentrations will be an obstacle to overcome before they can be widely used as a screening or diagnostic tool.